Dendroidea

Callograptus salteri, from here.

Belongs within: Graptolithina.
Contains: Dendrograptus, Dictyonema.

The Dendroidea are a group of upright sessile graptolites known from the Upper Cambrian to the Carboniferous. Dendroids are characterised by regular triad budding, in which the autothecae (major zooids) are always the central member of the triad, while the stolothecae (stem zooids) and bithecae (minor zooids) are each produced alternately on the left and right (Bulman 1970).

Characters (from Bulman 1970): Sessile, attached by apex of sicula, which is then generally more or less embedded in secondary cortical tissue forming a rootlike base, more rarely attached by a nema; stipes composed of stolothecae, autothecae and bithecae produced by regular triad budding; rhabdosome typically erect, dendroid in habit, developed by dichotomous or irregular branching, with anastomosis or disseptimental connection between adjacent stipes in many forms; pendent to horizontal (very rarely reclined) in forms with nema attachment.

Dendroidea [Axonolipa, Cladophora]
    |--Ptilograptus Hall 1865 [incl. Denticulograptus Schmidt 1939; Ptilograptidae] B70
    |    |--*P. plumosus Hall 1865 B70
    |    |--P. acutus Hopkinson & Lapworth 1875 [=*Denticulograptus acutus] B70
    |    |--P. delicatulus B70
    |    `--P. scalaris Sherrard 1956 F71
    |--Acanthograptidae B70
    |    |--Inocaulis Hall 1852 [Inocaulidae] B70
    |    |    `--*I. plumulosa Hall 1852 B70
    |    |--Palaeodictyota Whitfield 1902 B70
    |    |    `--P. anastomotica (Ringueberg 1888) (see below for synonymy) B70
    |    |--Thallograptus Ruedemann 1925 [incl. Calyptograptus Spencer 1878, Calyptograpsus] B70
    |    |    |--*T. succulentus (Ruedemann 1904) [=Dendrograptus succulentus] B70
    |    |    |--T. cervicornis B70
    |    |    `--‘*Calyptograptus’ cyathiformis Spencer 1878 B70
    |    |--Koremagraptus Bulman 1927 (see below for synonymy) B70
    |    |    |--*K. onniensis Bulman 1927 B70
    |    |    |--‘*Archaeodictyota’ dragunovi Obut & Sobolevskaya 1967 B70
    |    |    |--K. formosus B70
    |    |    |--‘*Trimerohydra’ glabra Kozłowski 1959 B70
    |    |    |--K. kozlowskii B70
    |    |    `--‘*Dyadograptus’ praecursor Obut 1960 B70
    |    `--Acanthograptus Spencer 1878 [=Acanthograpsus (l. c.); incl. Boucekocaulis Obut 1960] B70
    |         |--*A. granti Spencer 1878 B70
    |         |--A. czarnockii Kozłowski 1948 K48
    |         |--A. divergens B70
    |         |--A. impar B70
    |         |--A. jubatus Obut 1953 [=*Boucekocaulis jubatus] B70
    |         |--A. musciformis B70
    |         `--A. suecicus B70
    `--Dendrograptidae B70
         |--Dendrograptus B70
         |--Dictyonema B70
         |--Aspidograptus Bulman 1934 B70
         |    `--*A. implicatus (Hopkinson 1875) [=Clematograptus implicatus] B70
         |--Graptolodendrum Kozłowski 1966 B70
         |    `--G. mutabile Kozłowski 1966 B70
         |--Licnograptus Ruedemann 1947 B70
         |    `--*L. elegans Ruedemann 1947 B70
         |--Ptiograptus Ruedemann 1908 B70
         |    `--*P. percorrugatus Ruedemann 1908 B70
         |--Rhipidodendrum Kozłowski 1949 B70
         |    `--*R. samsonowiczi Kozłowski 1949 B70
         |--Sagenograptus Obut & Sobolevskaya 1962 B70
         |    `--*S. gagarini Obut & Sobolevskaya 1962 B70
         |--Desmograptus Hopkinson in Hopkinson & Lapworth 1875 (see below for synonymy) B70
         |    |--*D. cancellatus (Hopkinson 1875) [=Dictyograptus cancellatus] B70
         |    |--‘*Rhizograptus’ bulbosus Spencer 1878 [=Rhizograpsus bulbosus] B70
         |    |--D. formosus K48
         |    |--‘*Syrrhipidograptus’ nathorsti Poulsen 1924 B70
         |    |--D. quinquelateralis Sherrard 1956 F71
         |    |--D. ruedemanni Kozłowski 1948 K48
         |    `--D. spongiosus Sherrard 1956 F71
         `--Callograptus Hall 1865 [incl. Capillograptus Bouček 1957, Odontocaulis Lapworth 1881] B70
              |  i. s.: C. arundinosus Sherrard 1956 F71
              |         C. dichotomus Počta 1894 [=*Capillograptus dichotomus] B70
              |         C. disjectus Sherrard 1956 F71
              |         C. infrabithecalis Kozłowski 1948 K48
              |         ‘*Odontocaulis’ keepingi Lapworth 1881 B70
              |--*C. (Callograptus) elegans Hall 1865 B70
              |--C. (Alternograptus Bouček 1956) B70
              |    `--C. (*A.) holubi Bouček 1956 B70
              `--C. (Pseudocallograptus Skevington 1963) B70
                   `--C. (*P.) salteri Hall 1865 B70

Desmograptus Hopkinson in Hopkinson & Lapworth 1875 [incl. Rhizograptus Spencer 1878, Rhizograpsus (l. c.), Syrrhipidograptus Poulsen 1924] B70

Koremagraptus Bulman 1927 [=Coremagraptus; incl. Archaeodictyota Obut & Sobolevskaya 1967, Dyadograptus Obut 1960, Trimerohydra Kozłowski 1959] B70

Palaeodictyota anastomotica (Ringueberg 1888) [=Inocaulis anastomoticus; incl. I. ramulosus Whitfield 1902 non Spencer 1884, *Palaeodictyota ramulosa] B70

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[B70] Bulman, O. M. B. 1970. Graptolithina with sections of Enteropneusta and Pterobranchia. In Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology Part V 2^nd ed. (C. Teichert, ed.) pp. V1-V149. The Geological Society of America, Inc.: Boulder (Colorado), and the University of Kansas: Lawrence (Kansas).

[F71] Fletcher, H. O. 1971. Catalogue of type specimens of fossils in the Australian Museum, Sydney. Australian Museum Memoir 13: 1-167.

[K48] Kozłowski, R. 1948. Les graptolithes et quelques nouveaux groupes d’animaux du Tremadoc de la Pologne. Palaeontologica Polonica 3: I-XII, 1-235.