Phasmatinae

Titan stick insect Acrophylla titan, from Queensland Museum.

Belongs within: Phasmatodea.

The Phasmatinae are a mostly Australasian group of stick insects, with some species found in Asia. They are robust, usually winged, and have moderately long antennae (Brock & Hasenpusch 2009). Some phasmatines are remarkably large: the titan stick insect Acrophylla titan reaches a length of 250 mm (Rentz 1996).

<==Phasmatinae
    |--Phasma gigas WBM03
    |--Acanthomima Kirby 1904 [incl. Ectus Redtenbacher 1908] BH07
    |    `--A. rhipheus (Westwood 1859) [incl. Ectus solitarius Redtenbacher 1908] BH07
    |--Cigarrophasma Brock & Hasenpusch 2001 BH07
    |    `--C. tessellatum Brock & Hasenpusch 2001 BH07
    |--Hermarchus Stål 1875 BH07
    |    `--H. insignis (Kaup 1871) [incl. H. polynesicus Redtenbacher 1908] BH07
    |--Paractenomorpha Hennemann & Conle 2004 BH07
    |    `--P. baehri Hennemann & Conle 2004 BH07
    |--Vasilissa Kirby 1896 BH07
    |    `--V. walkeri Kirby 1896 BH07
    |--Ctenomorpha Gray 1833 BH07
    |    |--C. gargantua Hasenpusch & Brock 1006 BH07
    |    `--C. marginipennis Gray 1833 BH07 (see below for synonymy)
    |--Eurycnema Serville 1838 BH07
    |    |--E. goliath (Gray 1834) (see below for synonymy) BH07
    |    `--E. osiris (Gray 1834) (see below for synonymy) BH07
    |--Onchestus Stål 1877 BH07
    |    |--O. gorgus (Westwood 1859) BH07
    |    `--O. rentzi Brock & Hasenpusch 2006 BH07
    |--Ramulus Saussure 1862 (see below for synonymy) BH07
    |    |--‘Clitumnus’ extradentatus T86
    |    `--R. stilpnoides (Kirby 1896) BH07
    |--Paronchestus Redtenbacher 1908 BH07
    |    |--P. charon Redtenbacher 1908 BH07
    |    |--P. cornutus (Tepper 1905) [=Acrophylla cornuta] BH07
    |    `--P. pasimachus (Westwood 1859) [=Onchestus pasimachus] BH07
    |--Anchiale Stål 1875 [incl. Ctenomorphodes Karny 1923] BH07
    |    |--A. austrotessulata Brock & Hasenpusch 2007 (see below for synonymy) BH07
    |    |--A. briareus (Gray 1834) (see below for synonymy) BH07
    |    |--A. maculata (Olivier 1792) (see below for synonymy) BH07
    |    |--A. spinicollis (Gray 1833) [incl. Diura japetus Gray 1833] BH07
    |    `--A. tessulata (Goeze 1778) [=Mantis tessulata] BH07
    |--Arphax Stål 1875 [incl. Austroclonistria Redtenbacher 1908] BH07
    |    |--A. australis (Charpentier 1845) BH07
    |    |--A. brunneus (Gray 1833) BH07
    |    |--A. dolomedes (Westwood 1859) [incl. Austroclonistria serrulata (Redtenbacher 1908)] BH07
    |    |--A. michaelseni Werner 1912 BH07
    |    `--A. signatus Brunner 1907 BH07
    `--Acrophylla Gray 1835 [incl. Vetilia Stål 1875] BH07
         |--A. caprella (Westwood 1859) [=Ctenomorpha caprella] BH07
         |--A. enceladus (Gray 1835) [=Vetilia enceladus; incl. V. eurymedon Stål 1875] BH07
         |--A. nubilosa Tepper 1905 [incl. A. aliena Redtenbacher 1908, A. paula (Tepper 1905)] BH07
         |--A. thoon (Stål 1875) [=Vetilia thoon] BH07
         |--A. titan (Macleay 1826) BH07
         `--A. wuelfingi (Redtenbacher 1908) [incl. Vetilia ligula Redtenbacher 108] BH07

Anchiale austrotessulata Brock & Hasenpusch 2007 [=Ctenomorphodes tessulatus (Gray 1835) non Mantis tessulata Goeze 1778] BH07

Anchiale briareus (Gray 1834) [=Ctenomorphodes briareus; incl. Ctenomorpha albopunctatum (Kirby 1896), Ctenomorpha macleayi Gray 1835, Ctenomorpha nigrovaria Stål 1875] BH07

Anchiale maculata (Olivier 1792) [incl. A. confusa Sharp 1898, Mantis cylindrica Gmelin 1788, Phasma naevium Lichtenstein 1802, P. necydaloides Stoll 1813, A. stolli Sharp 1898] BH07

Ctenomorpha marginipennis Gray 1833 BH07 [incl. Diura chromus Gray 1833 BH07, C. chronus R96, Paractenomorpha macrotegmus (Tepper 1887) BH07, Acrophylla oxyacantha Redtenbacher 1908 BH07, A. phyllocerca Redtenbacher 1908 BH07, A. scutigera Redtenbacher 1908 BH07, A. tasmaniensis Lea 1902 BH07]

Eurycnema goliath (Gray 1834) [incl. Ctenomorpha acheron Gray 1834, E. magnifica Kirby 1904, Clemacantha regale Rainbow 1897, E. viridissima Kirby 1904] BH07

Eurycnema osiris (Gray 1834) [incl. E. cercata Redtenbacher 1902, Acrophylla salmacis Westwood 1859, E. stenocerca Redtenbacher 1908] BH07

Ramulus Saussure 1862 [incl. Clitumnus Stål 1875, Dagys Günther 1935, Dubreulia Brunner 1907, Paraclitumnus Brunner 1893; Ramulini] BH07

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[BH07] Brock, P. D. & J. W. Hasenpusch. 2007. Studies on the Australian stick insects (Phasmida), including a checklist of species and bibliography. Zootaxa 1570: 1-81.

Brock, P. D., & J. W. Hasenpusch. 2009. The Complete Field Guide to Stick and Leaf Insects of Australia. CSIRO Publishing: Collingwood (Australia).

[R96] Rentz, D. 1996. Grasshopper Country: The abundant orthopteroid insects of Australia. University of New South Wales Press: Sydney.

[T86] Tsurusaki, N. 1986. Parthenogenesis and geographic variation of sex ratio in two species of Leiobunum (Arachnida, Opiliones). Zoological Science 3: 517-532.

[WBM03] Whiting, M. F., S. Bradler & T. Maxwell. 2003. Loss and recovery of wings in stick insects. Nature 421: 264-267.