Troosticrinidae

The schizoblastid Deltoblastus timorensis, from here.

Belongs within: Blastoidea.

The Troosticrinidae is a Silurian to Lower Carboniferous group of blastoids characterised by having an elongate conical or obconical theca with five paired spiracles around the mouth (Beaver et al. 1967). Beaver et al. (1967) suggested that this family is paraphyletic with regard to Diploblastidae (with a globular theca and five paired spiracles or four paired spiracles and an anispiracle around the mouth), Granatocrinidae (with eight spiracles and an anispiracle or paired anispiracle around the mouth) and Schizoblastidae (with ten spiracles and a separate anal opening around the mouth). The former two groups are restricted to the lower Carboniferous, but the Schizoblastidae survived to the Permian.

<==Troosticrinidae [Troosticrinida, Troostoblastidae, Troostocrinidae]
    |  i. s.: Uyguroblastus conicus WM03
    |         Belocrinus Munier-Chalmas 1881 WM03, BF67 [incl. Belemnocrinus Munier-Chalmas 1876 non White 1862 ML78]
    |           `--*B. cottaldi (Munier-Chalmas 1876) [=Belemnocrinus cottaldi] BF67
    |--Troosticrinus Shumard 1866 [=Clavaeblastus Hambach 1903, Troostocrinus Meek & Worthen 1868] BF67
    |    `--*T. reinwardti (Troost 1835) (see below for synonymy) BF67
    |--Strongyloblastus Fay 1962 BF67
    |    `--*S. petalus Fay 1962 BF67
    `--+--Schizotremites Reimann 1945 [incl. Pentremitella Lehmann 1949] BF67
       |    |--*S. kopfi Reimann 19445 BF67
       |    `--‘*Pentremitella’ osoleae Lehmann 1949 BF67
       |--Schizoblastidae BF67
       |    |--Schizoblastus Etheridge & Carpenter 1882 BF67
       |    |    `--*S. sayi (Shumard 1855) [=Pentremites sayi] BF67
       |    |--Acentrotremites Etheridge & Carpenter 1883 BF67
       |    |    `--*A. ellipticus (Cumberland 1826) [=Mitra elliptica] BF67
       |    `--+--Auloblastus Beaver 1961 BF67
       |       |    `--*A. clinei Beaver 1961 BF67
       |       |--Lophoblastus Rowley 1901 BF67
       |       |    |--*L. inopinatus (Rowley & Hare 1891) [=Codonites inopinatus] BF67
       |       |    `--L. neglectus BF67
       |       `--+--Orbiblastus Macurda 1965 BF67
       |          |    `--*O. hoskynae Macurda 1965 BF67
       |          `--Deltoblastus Fay 1961 BF67
       |               |--*D. elongatus (Wanner 1924) [=Schizoblastus delta elongatus] BF67
       |               |--D. batheri BF67
       |               |--D. permicus BF67
       |               `--D. timorensis BF67
       |--+--Metablastus Etheridge & Carpenter 1886 BF67
       |  |    |--*M. lineatus (Shumard 1858) [=Pentremites lineatus] BF67
       |  |    |--M. wachsmuthi BF67
       |  |    `--M. wortheni BF67
       |  |--Tricoelocrinus Meek & Worthen 1868 [incl. Saccoblastus Hambach 1903] BF67
       |  |    |--*T. woodmani (Meek & Worthen 1868) [=Pentremites (Troostocrinus) woodmani] BF67
       |  |    |--‘Pentremites’ bipyramidalis Hall 1858 [=*Saccoblastus bipyramidalis] BF67
       |  |    `--T. obliquatus BF67
       |  |--Diploblastidae BF67
       |  |    |--Nodoblastus Fay 1963 BF67
       |  |    |    `--*N. librovitchi (Yakovlev 1941) [=Schizoblastus librovitchi] BF67
       |  |    `--Diploblastus Fay 1961 BF67
       |  |         |--*D. glaber (Meek & Worthen 1869) [=Granatocrinus glaber, Mesoblastus glaber] BF67
       |  |         `--D. kirkwoodensis BF67
       |  `--+--Calycoblastus Wanner 1924 BF67
       |     |    |--*C. tricavatus Wanner 1924 BF67
       |     |    `--C. casei Brown 1941 F71
       |     `--Rhopaloblastus Wanner 1924 BF67
       |          |--*R. timoricus Wanner 1924 BF67
       |          `--R. belfordi (Crockford & Brown 1940) [=Tricoelocrinus belfordi] F71
       `--Granatocrinidae [Granatoblastidae, Granatocrinida] BF67
            |  i. s.: Xinjiangoblastus ornatus WM03
            |--Mesoblastus Etheridge & Carpenter 1886 BF67
            |    `--*M. crenulatus (Roemer 1851) BF67 [=Pentatrematites crenulatus WM03, Pentremites crenulatus WM03]
            `--+--Pyramiblastus Macurda 1964 BF67
               |    `--*P. fusiformis (Wachsmuth & Springer 1888) [=Orophocrinus fusiformis] BF67
               |--Dentiblastus Macurda 1964 BF67
               |    `--*D. sirius (White 1865) [=Pentremites sirius] BF67
               |--Granatocrinus Hall 1862 [=Cidaroblastus Hambach 1903, Granatocrinites Troost 1849 (n. n.)] BF67
               |    |--*G. granulatus (Roemer 1851) [=Pentatrematites granulatus, *Cidaroblastus granulatus] BF67
               |    |--G. kentuckyensis BF67
               |    `--G. lotoblastus White 1874 W77
               |--+--Carpenteroblastus Rowley 1901 BF67
               |  |    `--*C. magnibasis (Rowley 1895) [=Granatocrinus (Schizoblastus) magnibasis] BF67
               |  `--Monoschizoblastus Cline 1936 BF67
               |       `--*M. rofei (Etheridge & Carpenter 1882) [=Granatocrinus rofei] BF67
               |--+--Cribroblastus Hambach 1903 BF67
               |  |    `--*C. cornutus (Meek & Worthen 1862) [=Pentremites cornutus] BF67
               |  `--Heteroblastus Etheridge & Carpenter 1886 BF67
               |       `--*H. cumberlandi Etheridge & Carpenter 1886 BF67
               |--+--Cryptoblastus Etheridge & Carpenter 1886 BF67
               |  |    `--*C. melo (Owen & Shumard 1850) BF67 [=Pentremites melo BF67, Granatocrinus melo W77]
               |  `--Tanaoblastus Fay 1961 BF67
               |       |--*T. roemeri (Shumard 1855) [=Pentremites roemeri] BF67
               |       `--T. concinnulus BF67
               `--+--Poroblastus Fay 1961 BF67
                  |    `--*P. granulosus (Meek & Worthen 1865) [=Pentremites (Granatocrinus) granulosus] BF67
                  |--Ptychoblastus Fay 1960 BF67
                  |    `--*P. pustulosus Fay 1960 BF67
                  `--Monadoblastus Fay 1961 BF67
                       `--*M. granulosus Fay 1961 BF67

*Troosticrinus reinwardti (Troost 1835) [=Pentremites reinwardti, *Clavaeblastus reinwardti, *Troostocrinus reinwardti] BF67

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[BF67] Beaver, H. H., R. O. Fay, D. B. Macurda Jr, R. C. Moore & J. Wanner. 1967. Blastoids. In Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology pt. S. Echinodermata 1. General characters. Homalozoa-Crinozoa (except Crinoidea) (R. C. Moore, ed.) vol. 2 pp. S297-S455. The Geological Society of America, Inc., and The University of Kansas: Lawrence (Kansas).

[F71] Fletcher, H. O. 1971. Catalogue of type specimens of fossils in the Australian Museum, Sydney. Australian Museum Memoir 13: 1-167.

[ML78] Moore, R. C., N. G. Lane, H. L. Strimple, J. Sprinkle & R. O. Fay. 1978. Inadunata. In Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology pt. T. Echinodermata 2. Crinoidea (R. C. Moore & C. Teichert, eds) vol. 2 pp. T520-T759. The Geological Society of America, Inc.: Boulder (Colorado), and The University of Kansas: Lawrence (Kansas).

[WM03] Waters, J. A., C. G. Maples, N. G. Lane, S. Marcus, Liao Z.-T., Liu L., Hou H.-F. & Wang J.-X. 2003. A quadrupling of Famennian pelmatozoan diversity: New Late Devonian blastoids and crinoids from northwest China. Journal of Paleontology 77 (5): 922-948.

[W77] White, C. A. 1877. Report upon the invertebrate fossils collected in portions of Nevada, Utah, Colorado, New Mexico, and Arizona, by parties of the expeditions of 1871, 1872, 1873, and 1874. U.S. Geographical Surveys West of the One Hundredth Meridian 4 (1): 1-219, pls 211-221.