Hymenophyllum

Hymenophyllum polyanthos, from here.

Belongs within: Hymenophyllaceae.

Hymenophyllum (used here in the broad sense) is one of the main groups of filmy ferns in the Hymenophyllaceae. Hymenophyllum species are distinguished from other filmy ferns by their bivalved involucres, though molecular phylogenetic analysis suggests a reversion to a more basal tubular form in the nested Microtrichomanes (Pryer et al. 2001). Derived involucres with the immersed section cuplike are also found in the mosslike Serpyllopsis caespitosa from the southernmost part of South America.

<==Hymenophyllum [incl. H. subg. Sphaerocionium, Sphaerocionium; Hymenophylleae] PS01
    |--+--H. ferrugineum Colla 1836 PS01, C49 [=Sphaerocionium ferrugineum PS01; incl. H. subtilissimum Kze. 1837 C49]
    |  `--H. hirsutum (Linnaeus) Swartz 1801 PS01, CD07 [=Sphaerocionium hirsutum PS01]
    `--+--+--H. lanceolatum [=Sphaerocionium lanceolatum] PS01
       |  `--Microtrichomanes [=Crepidomanes subg. Microtrichomanes, Trichomanes sect. Flabellata] PS01
       |       |--*M. digitatum [=Trichomanes digitatum] PS01
       |       `--M. taeniatum [=Trichomanes taeniatum, Crepidomanes taeniatum] PS01
       `--+--H. subg. Mecodium PS01
          |    |--H. apiculatum [=Mecodium apiculatum] PS01
          |    |--H. atrovirens Colenso 1844 [=Mecodium atrovirens] C49
          |    |--H. australe Willdenow 1810 DF97, C49 [=Mecodium australe C49]
          |    |--H. badium Hooker & Greville 1828 I77, I88 (see below for synonymy)
          |    |--H. demissum (Forster) Swartz 1801 A27, C49 (see below for synonymy)
          |    |--H. dilatatum (Forster) Swartz 1801 A27, C49 (see below for synonymy)
          |    |--H. flabellatum Labill. 1806 DF97, C49 [=Mecodium flabellatum DF97]
          |    |--H. flexuosum Cunningham 1836 [=Mecodium flexuosum] C49
          |    |--H. montanum Kirk 1877 [=Mecodium montanum] C49
          |    |--H. polyanthos (Swartz) Swartz 1801 PS01, I88 (see below for synonymy)
          |    |--H. pulcherrimum Colenso 1844 [=Mecodium pulcherrimum] C49
          |    |--H. rarum Brown 1810 DF97, C49 [=Mecodium rarum DF97; incl. H. darwinii M03]
          |    |--H. riukiuense I77
          |    |--H. rufescens Kirk 1879 A27, C49 [=Mecodium rufescens C49]
          |    |--H. sanguinolentum Forster 1786 A27, C49 [=Mecodium sanguinolentum C49]
          |    |--H. scabrum Richard 1832 A27, C49 [=Mecodium scabrum C49]
          |    `--H. villosum Colenso 1844 [=Mecodium villosum] C49
          `--+--+--H. subg. Hemicyatheon [=Hemicyatheon, H. subg. Chilodium sect. Hemicyatheon] PS01
             |  |    `--H. (subg. *Hemicyatheon) baileyanum [=*Hemicyatheon baileyanum] PS01
             |  `--Serpyllopsis caespitosa PS01 [=Trichomanes caespitosum PS01; incl. S. antarctica M03]
             `--H. subg. Hymenophyllum PS01
                  |  i. s.: H. barbatum (v. d. B.) Baker in Hooker & Baker 1867 I77, I88 (see below for synonymy)
                  |         H. wrightii I77
                  |--H. (sect. Ptychophyllum) fucoides (see below for synonymy) PS01
                  `--H. sect. Hymenophyllum PS01
                       |--H. secundum PS01
                       `--H. tunbrigense [=H. tubridgense (l. c.)] PS01

Hymenophyllum incertae sedis:
  H. abruptum M03
  H. aeruginosum M03
  H. bridgesii M03
  H. caespitosum M03
  H. caudiculatum M03
    |--H. c. var. caudiculatum M03
    `--H. c. var. caudatum M03
  H. cheesemanii A27
  H. ciliatum A27
  H. cruentum M03
  H. dichotomum M03
  H. dicranotrichum [incl. H. chiloense] M03
  H. dusenii M03
  H. exsertum Wallich ex Hooker 1844 [=Mecodium exsertum (Wallich) Copel. 1938] I88
  H. falklandicum M03
  H. javanicum [=Mecodium javanicum] DF97
  H. levingei [=Mecodium levingei] I88
  H. lyallii Hooker 1954 [=Sphaerocionium lyallii, Trichomanes lyallii Hooker 1867] C49
  H. magellanicum [=Didymoglossum magellanicum] M03
  H. maxonii L54
    |--H. m. var. maxonii L54
    `--H. m. var. angustius L54
  H. microcarpum J87
  H. nigricans M03
  H. pectinatum M03
  H. peltatum [incl. H. tunbridgense var. wilsoni] M03
  H. pilosissimum I77
  H. revolutum Colenso 1844 [incl. H. pusillum Colenso 1880, H. zeelandicum Van Den Bosch 1863] C49
  H. simonsianum Hooker 1860 I88
  H. tayloriae L03 [=Sphaerocionium tayloriae DF97]
  H. tortuosum M03
  H. trapezoidale J87
  H. urbani J87

Nomina nuda: Hymenophyllum beccarii Squinabol 1889 S89
             H. franklinianum Colenso 1845 C45
             H. spathulatum Colenso 1845 C45

Hymenophyllum badium Hooker & Greville 1828 I77, I88 [=H. javanicum var. badium (Hooker & Greville) Clarke 1880 I88, Mecodium badium (Hooker & Greville) Copel. 1938 I88]

Hymenophyllum barbatum (v. d. B.) Baker in Hooker & Baker 1867 I77, I88 [=Leptocionium barbatum v. d. B. 1863 I88; incl. H. denticulatum var. flaccidum (v. d. B.) Clarke 1880 I88]

Hymenophyllum demissum (Forster) Swartz 1801 A27, C49 [=Trichomanes demissum Forster 1786 C49, Mecodium demissum C49]

Hymenophyllum dilatatum (Forster) Swartz 1801 A27, C49 [=Trichomanes dilatatum Forster 1786 C49, Mecodium dilatatum C49]

Hymenophyllum (subg. Hymenophyllum, sect. Ptychophyllum) fucoides [=H. (subg. Chilodium sect. Chilodium) fucoides, Meringium fucoides] PS01

Hymenophyllum polyanthos (Swartz) Swartz 1801 PS01, I88 [=Trichomanes polyanthos Swartz 1788 I88, Mecodium polyanthos (Swartz) Copel. 1938 I88; incl. M. osmundoides (v. d. B.) Ching 1959 I88, Hymenophyllum tenellum Don 1825 I88]

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[A27] Andersen, J. C. 1927. Popular names of New Zealand plants. Transactions and Proceedings of the New Zealand Institute 57: 905-977.

[CD07] Cantino, P. D., J. A. Doyle, S. W. Graham, W. S. Judd, R. G. Olmstead, D. E. Soltis, P. S. Soltis & M. J. Donoghue. 2007. Towards a phylogenetic nomenclature of Tracheophyta. Taxon 56 (3): E1-E44.

[C45] Colenso, W. 1845. Memoranda of an excursion, made in the Northern Island of New Zealand, in the summer of 1841-2; intended as a contribution towards the natural productions of the New Zealand groupe: with particular reference to their botany (concluded). Tasmanian Journal of Natural Science 2: 241-308.

[C49] Crookes, M. W. 1949. A revised and annotated list of New Zealand Filicinae. Transactions and Proceedings of the Royal Society of New Zealand 77 (2): 209-225.

[DF97] Dassler, C. L., & D. R. Farrar. 1997. Significance of form in fern gametophytes: clonal, gemmiferous gametophytes of Callistopteris baueriana (Hymenophyllaceae). International Journal of Plant Sciences 158 (5): 622-639.

[I77] Iwatsuki, K. 1977. Studies in the systematics of filmy ferns III. An observation on the involucres. Botanical Magazine, Tokyo 90: 259-267.

[I88] Iwatsuki, K. 1988. An enumeration of the pteridophytes of Nepal. In The Himalayan Plants vol. 1 (H. Ohba & S. B. Malla, eds). The University Museum, University of Tokyo, Bulletin 31: 231-339.

[J87] Judd, W. S. 1987. Floristic study of Morne La Visite and Pic Macaya National Parks, Haiti. Bulletin of the Florida State Museum – Biological Sciences 32 (1): 1-136.

[L03] Lindsay, S. 2003. Considerations for a revision of the fern family Vittariaceae for Flora Malesiana. Telopea 10 (1): 99-112.

[L54] Lötschert, W. 1954. Beitrag zur Pteridophyten-Flora von Mittel-Amerika. Senckenbergiana Biologica 35 (1-2): 109-119.

[M03] Macloskie, G. 1903. Pteridophyta, ferns and fernlike plants. In Reports of the Princeton University Expeditions to Patagonia, 1896-1899, vol. 8 – Botany (W. B. Scott, ed.) pp. 127-138. The University: Princeton (New Jersey).

[PS01] Pryer, K. M., A. R. Smith, J. S. Hunt & J. Y. Dubuisson. 2001. rbcL data reveal two monophyletic groups of filmy ferns (Filicopsida: Hymenophyllaceae). American Journal of Botany 88 (6): 1118-1130.

[S89] Squinabol, S. 1889. Res Ligusticae. VII. – Cenno preliminare sulla flora fossile di Santa Giustina. Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova, Serie 2a 7: 73-76.