Gadiformes

The Atlantic cod Gadus morhua, photographed by J. C. Schou.

Belongs within: Acanthomorpha.

The Gadiformes include cod, hakes, pollock and related, mostly marine fishes. Many species, particularly in the family Gadidae, are commercially significant.

Characteristics (from Bond 1996): Soft-rayed, physoclistic, usually with cycloid scales, thoracic or jugular pelvic fins; orbitosphenoid absent; mesocoracoid absent; premaxillaries excluding maxillaries from gape; caudal fin (if present) isocercal, posterior vertebrae reduced in size, neural and haemal spines of posterior vertebrae assisting in support of caudal fin.

Gadiformes [Anacanthini, Gadoidei]
    |  i. s.: Macruronidae B96
    |         Euclichthys [Euclichthyidae] B96
    |           `--E. polynemus B96
    |         Steindachneria [Steindachneriidae] B96
    |           `--S. argentea B96
    |         Melanonidae [Melanonoidei] B96
    |         Raniceps [Ranicipitidae, Ranicipitoidei] B96
    |           `--R. raninus B96
    |         Bregmaceros [Bregmacerotidae] M58
    |           |--B. atlanticus B96
    |           |--B. japonicus Tanaka 1908 [=B. atlanticus japonicus] M58
    |           |--B. macclellandi Thompson 1840 M58
    |           |--B. nectabanus Whitley 1941 M58
    |           `--B. rarisquamosus Munro 1950 M58
    |--Phycidae [Phycinae] LD09
    |    |--Phycis K-M02d
    |    |    |--P. blennioides PP89
    |    |    |--P. chesteri Goode & Bean 1878 K-M02d
    |    |    `--P. physics (Linné 1766) LD09
    |    `--Urophycis B96
    |         |--U. chuss (Walbaum 1792) K-M02d
    |         |--U. regia (Walbaum 1792) K-M02d
    |         `--U. tenuis (Mitchill 1814) K-M02d
    `--+--Merluccius [Merlucciidae] LD09
       |    |--*M. merluccis (Linnaeus 1758) LD09
       |    |--M. albidus (Mitchill 1818) [incl. M. magnoculus] K-M02c
       |    |--M. bilinearis (Mitchill 1814) K-M02c
       |    `--M. productus B96
       `--+--+--Moridae LD09
          |  |    |--Antimora rostrata (Günther 1878) K-M02b
          |  |    |--Physiculus fulvus Bean 1884 K-M02b
          |  |    `--Mora Risso 1826 BR05
          |  |         `--M. moro (Risso 1810) LD09
          |  `--+--Muraenolepis [Muraenolepididae, Muraenolepidoidei] LD09
          |     |    `--M. marmorata Günther 1880 LD09
          |     `--Macrouridae [Macrouroidei] LD09
          |          |  i. s.: Nezumia K-M02a
          |          |           |--N. bairdii (Goode & Bean 1877) [=Macrourus bairdii] K-M02a
          |          |           `--N. suilla K-M02a
          |          |--+--Squalogadus [Macruroidinae] SM06
          |          |  |    `--S. modificatus SM06
          |          |  `--Trachyrincus [Trachyrincinae] SM06
          |          |       `--T. murrayi Günther 1887 SM06, LD09
          |          `--+--Bathygadinae SM06
          |             |    |--Bathygadus antrodes SM06
          |             |    `--Gadomus SM06
          |             `--Macrourinae SM06
          |                  |--Ventrifossa garmani SM06
          |                  |--Macrourus berglax Lacepède 1810 K-M02a
          |                  `--Coelorinchus SM06
          |                       |--C. caelorhinchus K-M02a
          |                       |    |--C. c. caelorhinchus K-M02a
          |                       |    `--C. c. carminatus (Goode 1880) [=Coelorhynchus carminatus] K-M02a
          |                       `--C. kishinouyei SM06
          `--+--Coryphaenoides LD09
             |    |--C. armatus K-M02a
             |    |--C. carapinus K-M02a
             |    `--C. rupestris Gunnerus 1765
             `--Gadidae [Lotidae, Lotinae] LD09
                   |  i. s.: *Brosme brosme (Ascanius 1772) B96, K-M02d
                   |         Molva macrophthalmus B96, K-M02e
                   |         Ciliata B96
                   |         Lota lota (Linnaeus 1758) SM06, SE08
                   |         Melanogrammus aeglefinus (Linnaeus 1758) K-M02d
                   |         Microgadus tomcod (Walbaum 1792) K-M02d
                   |         Pollachius virens (Linnaeus 1758) K-M02d
                   |         Theragra chalcogramma B96
                   |         Micromesistius poutassou B96
                   |         Arctogadus borisovi B96
                   |         Boreogadus saida B96
                   |--Gaidropsarus vulgaris (Cloquet 1824) LD09
                   `--+--Enchelyopus Bloch & Schneider 1801 LD09, K-M02d [incl. Rhinonemus Gill 1863 K-M02d]
                      |    `--E. cimbrius (Linné 1766) LD09
                      `--+--Merlangius merlangus (Linnaeus 1758) LD09
                         `--Gadus [Gadinae] SM06
                              |--G. macrocephalus B96
                              |--G. merlangus BF88
                              `--G. morhua Linnaeus 1758 K-M02d
                                   |--G. m. morhua B96
                                   `--G. m. callarias B96

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[BF88] Bishop, M. J., & A. E. Friday. 1988. Estimating the interrelationships of tetrapod groups on the basis of molecular sequence data. In The Phylogeny and Classification of the Tetrapods, vol. 1. Amphibians, Reptiles, Birds (M. J. Benton, ed.) pp. 33-58. Clarendon Press: Oxford.

[B96] Bond, C. E. 1996. Biology of Fishes 2^nd ed. Saunders College Publishing: Fort Worth.

[BR05] Bouchet, P., J.-P. Rocroi, J. Frýda, B. Hausdorf, W. Ponder, Á. Valdés & A. Warén. 2005. Classification and nomenclator of gastropod families. Malacologia 47 (1-2): 1-397.

[K-M02a] Klein-MacPhee, G. 2002a. Grenadiers. Family Macrouridae. In Bigelow and Schroeder’s Fishes of the Gulf of Maine (B. B. Collette & G. Klein-MacPhee, eds) 3^rd ed. pp. 212-216. Smithsonian Institute Press: Washington.

[K-M02b] Klein-MacPhee, G. 2002b. Deep-sea cods. Family Moridae. In Bigelow and Schroeder’s Fishes of the Gulf of Maine (B. B. Collette & G. Klein-MacPhee, eds) 3^rd ed. pp. 216-217. Smithsonian Institute Press: Washington.

[K-M02c] Klein-MacPhee, G. 2002c. Silver hakes. Family Merlucciidae. In Bigelow and Schroeder’s Fishes of the Gulf of Maine (B. B. Collette & G. Klein-MacPhee, eds) 3^rd ed. pp. 217-222. Smithsonian Institute Press: Washington.

[K-M02d] Klein-MacPhee, G. 2002d. Cods. Family Gadidae. In Bigelow and Schroeder’s Fishes of the Gulf of Maine (B. B. Collette & G. Klein-MacPhee, eds) 3^rd ed. pp. 223-261. Smithsonian Institute Press: Washington.

[K-M02e] Klein-MacPhee, G. 2002e. Ocean sunfishes. Family Molidae. In Bigelow and Schroeder’s Fishes of the Gulf of Maine (B. B. Collette & G. Klein-MacPhee, eds) 3^rd ed. pp. 603-607. Smithsonian Institute Press: Washington.

[LD09] Li, B., A. Dettaï, C. Cruaud, A. Couloux, M. Desoutter-Meniger & G. Lecointre. 2009. RNF213, a new nuclear marker for acanthomorph phylogeny. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 50: 345-363.

[M58] Munro, I. S. R. 1958. The fishes of the New Guinea region: A check-list of the fishes of New Guinea incorporating records of species collected by the Fisheries Survey Vessel “Fairwind” during the years 1948 to 1950. Papua and New Guinea Agricultural Journal 10 (4): 97-369 (reprinted 1958. Territory of Papua and New Guinea Fisheries Bulletin no. 1).

[PP89] Parona, C., & A. Perugia. 1889. Res Ligusticae. VIII. – Di alcuni Trematodi ectoparasiti di pesci marini. Nota preventiva. Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova, Serie 2a 7: 740-747.

[SM06] Satoh, T. P., M. Miya, H. Endo & M. Nishida. 2006. Round and pointed-head grenadier fishes (Actinopterygii: Gadiformes) represent a single sister group: Evidence from the complete mitochondrial genome sequences. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 40 (1): 129-138.

[SE08] Sevcsik, A. & T. Erös. 2008. A revised catalogue of freshwater fishes of Hungary and the neighbouring countries in the Hungarian Natural History Museum (Pisces). Annales Historico-Naturales Musei Nationalis Hungarici 100: 331-383.