Pyrifusoidea

Beretra speciosa, copyright Piet Hessel.

Belongs within: Muricoidea.
Contains: Pyrifusinae, Volutoderminae, Cryptoconinae, Amuletum.

The Pyrifusoidea are a group of medium-sized to large neogastropods with a conical larval shell.

Characters (from Bandel & Dockery 2012): Shell solid, medium-sized to large (1–10 cm high), usually with spiral and collabral sculpture. Aperture usually with canal-like siphon and posterior notch or canal next to suture on posterior part of outer lip, this notch giving rise to a ribbon below suture. Protoconch with embryonic shell larger than 0.15 mm in species with planktotrophic development, usually with tubercles on smooth ground; larval shell conical, with sinuous growth lines and commonly with tubercles below suture and spiral rib on posterior margin of strong median projection of outer lip.

<==Pyrifusoidea [Pseudolivoidea] BD12
    |--Ptychatractidae [Ptychatractinae] BR05
    |    |--Latiromitra ZLK11
    |    `--Ptychatractus Stimpson 1865 BR05
    |         |--*P. ligatus O27
    |         |--P. californicus Dall 1903 O27
    |         `--P. occidentalis Stearns 1871 O27
    |--Pyrifusidae [Pholidotomidae] BD12
    |    |--Pyrifusinae BR05
    |    |--Volutoderminae BD12
    |    |--Pseudorapa Holzapfel 1888 [Pseudorapinae] BR05
    |    |    |--*P. (Pseudorapa) pleurotomoides (Muller 1851) [=Murex pleurotomoides] RA75
    |    |    |--P. (*Aliofusus) stamineus Sohl 1964 BD12
    |    |    `--P. (Stantonella Wade 1926) BD12
    |    |         |--P. (*S.) subnodosa (Wade 1926) [=*Stantonella subnodosa] BD12
    |    |         `--P. (S.) ripleyana (Conrad 1860) BD12
    |    `--Pholidotominae BD12
    |         |--Pholidotoma Cossmann 1896 [Pholidotominae] BR05
    |         |    `--*P. subheptagonus (Orbigny 1850) [=Fusus subheptagonus] P66
    |         |--Paleopsephaea Wade 1926 BD12
    |         |    `--*P. mutabilis Wade 1926 BD12
    |         `--Drilluta Wade 1916 BD12 [=Drilliovoluta Cossmann 1925 P66]
    |              |--*D. communis Wade 1916 [=*Drilliovoluta communis] P66
    |              |--D. distans (Conrad 1860) BD12
    |              `--D. major BD12
    `--Pseudolividae BD12
         |  i. s.: Fulgerca Stephenson 1941 P66
         |           `--*F. venusta Stephenson 1941 P66
         |         Zemira Adams & Adams 1853 [Zemiridae] BR05
         |           |--Z. australis (Sowerby 1833) S11
         |           `--Z. bodalla Garrard 1966 WG71
         |         Benthobia Dall 1889 PC08, PH90
         |           |--*B. tryonii Dall 1889 PH90
         |           |--B. atafona Simone 2003 S11
         |           |--B. complexirhina Simone 2003 S11
         |           |--B. sima Simone 2003 S11
         |           `--B. tornatilis Simone 2003 S11
         |         Sulcobuccinum Orbigny 1850 BD12
         |         Ptychosyca Gabb 1877 BD12
         |           `--*P. inornata Gabb 1876 BD12
         |         Eoancilla acutula Stephenson 1941 [=Ancilla acutula] BD12
         |         Ptychoris Gabb 1877 BD12
         |           `--*P. purpuriformis (Forbes 1846) [=Hyllus purpuriformis] BD12
         |         Parafusus Wade 1918 [incl. Wadia Cossmann 1920] BD12
         |           `--*P. callilateris (Wade 1917) [=Hyllus callilateris] BD12
         |         Austrosphaera Camacho 1949 [incl. Seymourosphaera Oleinik & Zinsmeister 1996] BD12
         |           `--*A. difficilis (Orbigny 1842) BD12
         |         Fulmentum ancilla (Hanley 1859) S11
         |         Melapium Adams & Adams 1853 S11, BR05 [Melapiidae]
         |           `--M. lineatum (Lamarck 1822) S11
         |--Pseudoliva Swainson 1840 [Pseudolivinae] BR05
         |--Cryptoconinae BD12
         `--Beretinae BD12
              |--Amuletum BD12
              |--Graphidula Stephenson 1941 [Graphidulidae] BR05
              |    `--*G. terebriformis Stephenson 1941 BD12
              |--Paleofusimitra Sohl 1963 BD12
              |    `--*P. elongata Sohl 1963 BD12
              |--Mitridomus Sohl 1963 BD12
              |    `--*M. ripleyana (Wade 1926) BD12
              |--Remera Stephenson 1941 BD12
              |    |--*R. microstriata Stephenson 1941 BD12
              |    `--R. stephensoni Harbison 1926 BD12
              |--Remnita Stephenson 1941 BD12
              |    |--*R. biacuminata (Wade 1926) [=Turricula biacuminata] P66
              |    |--R. anomalocostata (Wade 1926) [=Turricula anomalocostata] P66
              |    `--R. hastata Sohl 1964 P66
              |--Fusimilis Stephenson 1941 BD12
              |    |--*F. robustus Stephenson 1941 P66
              |    |--F. aurilotoralis Cox 1952 P66
              |    |--F. kummeli Sohl 1964 P66
              |    |--F. monmouthensis (Gardner 1916) [=Turris monmouthensis] P66
              |    |--F. novemcostata (Conrad 1858) [=Drillia novemcostatus] P66
              |    `--F. proxima (Wade 1926) [=Turris proxima; incl. T. constricta Wade 1926] P66
              `--Beretra Stephenson 1941 BD12
                   |--*B. firma Stephenson 1941 P66
                   |--B. amica (Gardner 1916) [=Surcula amica] P66
                   |--B. contracta Stephenson 1941 P66
                   |--B. elongata Stephenson 1941 P66
                   |--B. gracilis (Wade 1926) [=Turricula gracilis] P66
                   |--B. ornatula Stephenson 1941 P66
                   |--B. ripleyana (Conrad 1858) (see below for synonymy) P66
                   `--B. speciosa Sohl 1964 P66

Beretra ripleyana (Conrad 1858) [=Turris ripleyana; incl. Drillia georgiana Gabb 1876, Beretra striata Stephendon 1941] P66

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[BD12] Bandel, K., & D. T. Dockery III. 2012. Protoconch characters of Late Cretaceous Latrogastropoda (Neogastropoda and Neomesogastropoda) as an aid in the reconstruction of the phylogeny of the Neogastropoda. Freiberger Forschungshefte C542 (psf 20): 93–128.

[BR05] Bouchet, P., & J.-P. Rocroi. 2005. Classification and nomenclator of gastropod families. Malacologia 47 (1–2): 1–397.

[O27] Oldroyd, I. S. 1927. The Marine Shells of the West Coast of North America vol. II pt I. Stanford University Press: Stanford University (California).

[PH90] Petit, R. E., & M. G. Harasewych. 1990. Catalogue of the superfamily Cancellarioidea Forbes and Hanley, 1851 (Gastropoda: Prosobranchia). Nautilus Supplement 1: 1–69.

[PC08] Ponder, W. F., D. J. Colgan, J. M. Healy, A. Nützel, L. R. L. Simone & E. E. Strong. 2008. Caenogastropoda. In: Ponder, W. F., & D. L. Lindberg (eds) Phylogeny and Evolution of the Mollusca pp. 331–383. University of California Press: Berkeley.

[P66] Powell, A. W. B. 1966. The molluscan families Speightiidae and Turridae: an evaluation of the valid taxa, both Recent and fossil, with lists of characteristic species. Bulletin of the Auckland Institute and Museum 5: 1–184, pls 1–23.

[RA75] Radwin, G. E., & A. D’Attilio. 1975. A catalogue of muricacean generic taxa. Transactions of the San Diego Society of Natural History 17 (20): 279–292.

[S11] Simone, L. R. L. 2011. Phylogeny of the Caenogastropoda (Mollusca), based on comparative morphology. Arquivos de Zoologia 42 (4): 161–323.

[WG71] Wilson, B. R., & K. Gillett. 1971. Australian Shells: illustrating and describing 600 species of marine gastropods found in Australian waters. A. H. & A. W. Reed: Sydney.

[ZLK11] Zou, S., Q. Li & L. Kong. 2011. Additional gene data and increased sampling give new insights into the phylogenetic relationships of Neogastropoda, within the caenogastropod phylogenetic framework. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 61: 425–435.