Proctotrupomorpha

Female Ceraphron, photographed by Tom Murray.

Belongs within: Apocrita.
Contains: Platygastroidea, Cynipoidea, Proctotrupidae, Chalcidoidea, Diapriidae.

The Proctotrupomorpha are a diverse clade of small wasps, most of which are parasitoids though several subgroups have become phytophagous.

See also: Taxon of the Week: To give Lovecraft nightmares.

Characters (from Grimaldi & Engel 2005): Lower tentorial bridge of head intervening between postgenae to reach occipital foramen; medial scutal sulcus absent.

<==Proctotrupomorpha
    |--Mesoserphus GE05 [Mesoserphidae R02]
    |    `--M. karatavicus GE05
    `--+--+--Stigmaphronidae GE05
       |  `--Ceraphronoidea MH11
       |       |--+--Lagynodes Forster 1841 MH11, GM79
       |       |  `--+--Dendrocerus carpenteri MH11, M83
       |       |     `--Megaspilus MH11 [Megaspilidae GE05]
       |       |          `--M. luscipennis MH11
       |       `--Ceraphronidae [Calliceratidae] GE05
       |            |--Lygocerus A71
       |            |--Conostigmus A71
       |            |--Aphanogmus A71
       |            `--Ceraphron Jurine 1807 GM79
       |                 |--C. achilles Dodd 1914 GM79
       |                 |--C. bispinosus MH11
       |                 `--C. javensis Girault 1917 G17
       `--+--Platygastroidea MH11
          `--+--Cynipoidea MH11
             `--Proctotrupoidea MH11
                  |--+--Pelecinus [Pelecinidae] MH11
                  |  |    `--P. polyturator MH11
                  |  `--Ropronia [Roproniidae] MH11
                  |       `--R. garmani MH11
                  `--+--+--Heloridae R02
                     |  |    |--Protocyrtus R02
                     |  |    `--Helorus MH11
                     |  `--+--Vanhornia [Vanhorniidae] MH11
                     |     |    `--V. eucnemidarum MH11
                     |     `--Proctotrupidae MH11
                     `--Diaprioidea MH11
                          |  i. s.: Jurapriidae R02
                          |--+--Monomachus [Monomachidae] MH11
                          |  |    `--M. australicus Girault 1925 G25
                          |  `--+--Aneurhynchus MH11
                          |     `--Coptera MH11
                          `--+--Chalcidoidea MH11
                             `--+--Maaminga Early, Masner et al. 2001 MH11, EM01 [Maamingidae]
                                |    |--*M. rangi Early, Masner et al. 2001 EM01
                                |    `--M. marrisi Early, Masner et al. 2001 EM01
                                `--+--+--Poecilopsilus MH11
                                   |  `--Entomacis MH11
                                   `--+--Diapriidae MH11
                                      `--+--Pantolytomyia ferruginea MH11
                                         `--+--Ismarus MH11
                                            `--+--Mymarommatidae [Mymarommatoidea] MH11
                                               |    |--Palaeomymar GE05 [incl. Petiolaria Bld. & Kryg. 1922 G30, GM79]
                                               |    |    |--P. agapa R02
                                               |    |    `--P. duisburgi GE05
                                               |    |--Mymaromma Girault 1920 MH11, GM79
                                               |    |    `--M. anomalum MH11
                                               |    `--Mymaromella Girault 1931 MH11, G31
                                               |         |--*M. mira Girault 1931 G31
                                               |         `--M. mirissima Girault 1935 G35
                                               `--Serphitidae [Serphitoidea] GE05
                                                    |--Aposerphites R02
                                                    `--Serphites R02

Proctotrupomorpha incertae sedis:
  Peradeniidae EM01
  Proctorenyxidae GE05
  Neotelenomus G17
    |--N. anthereae Dodd 1913 GM79
    `--N. javae Girault 1917 G17
  Eulagynodes Girault 1917 G17
    `--*E. bicolor Girault 1917 G17
  Odontacolus G17
    |--O. australicus Dodd 1914 GM79
    `--O. longispinosus Girault 1917 G17
  Acoloides G17
    |--A. arachnophagus Girault 1917 GM79
    |--A. fasciatipennis Girault 1917 G17
    |--A. javensis Girault 1917 G17
    `--A. trispinosus Girault 1917 G17
  Austroniidae R02

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[A71] Askew, R. R. 1971. Parasitic Insects. Heinemann Educational Books: London.

[EM01] Early, J. W., L. Masner, I. D. Naumann & A. D. Austin. 2001. Maamingidae, a new family of proctotrupoid wasp (Insecta: Hymenoptera) from New Zealand. Invertebrate Taxonomy 15: 341-352.

[G17] Girault, A. A. 1917. New Javanese Hymenoptera. Privately published (reprinted Gordh, G., A. S. Menke, E. C. Dahms & J. C. Hall. 1979. The privately printed papers of A. A. Girault. Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute 28: 59-71).

[G25] Girault, A. A. 1925. Some gem-like or marvellous inhabitants of the woodlands heretofore unknown and by most never seen or dreamt of. Privately published (reprinted Gordh, G., A. S. Menke, E. C. Dahms & J. C. Hall. 1979. The privately printed papers of A. A. Girault. Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute 28: 191-193).

[G30] Girault, A. A. 1930. New pests from Australia. VIII. Privately published (reprinted Gordh, G., A. S. Menke, E. C. Dahms & J. C. Hall. 1979. The privately printed papers of A. A. Girault. Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute 28: 273-277).

[G31] Girault, A. A. 1931. A new habit in an old insect, Homo pudicus and new Eurytomidae. Privately published (reprinted Gordh, G., A. S. Menke, E. C. Dahms & J. C. Hall. 1979. The privately printed papers of A. A. Girault. Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute 28: 280-283).

[G35] Girault, A. A. 1935. Microhymenoptera Australiensis nova, mostly Chalcididae. Privately published (reprinted Gordh, G., A. S. Menke, E. C. Dahms & J. C. Hall. 1979. The privately printed papers of A. A. Girault. Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute 28: 315-318).

[GM79] Gordh, G., A. S. Menke, E. C. Dahms & J. C. Hall. 1979. The privately printed papers of A. A. Girault. Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute 28: 1-400.

[GE05] Grimaldi, D., & M. S. Engel. 2005. Evolution of the Insects. Cambridge University Press: New York.

[MH11] Munro, J. B., J. M. Heraty, R. A. Burks, D. Hawks, J. Mottern, A. Cruaud, J.-Y. Rasplus & P. Jansta. 2011. A molecular phylogeny of the Chalcidoidea (Hymenoptera). PLoS One 6 (11): e27023.

[R02] Rasnitsyn, A. P. 2002. Superorder Vespidea Laicharting, 1781. Order Hymenoptera Linné, 1758 (=Vespida Laicharting, 1781). In History of Insects (A. P. Rasnitsyn & D. L. J. Quicke, eds) pp. 242-254. Kluwer Academic Publishers: Dordrecht.